The rapid growth of medical imaging data presents challenges for efficient storage and transmission, particularly in clinical and telemedicine applications where image fidelity is crucial. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning-based image compression framework that integrates Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE), Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and K-means clustering. The framework enables multiresolution decomposition, texture-aware feature extraction, and adaptive region-based compression. A custom loss function that combines Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) ensures high perceptual quality and compression efficiency. The proposed model was evaluated across multiple benchmark medical imaging datasets and achieved a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of up to 50.36 dB, MS-SSIM of 0.9999, and an encoding-decoding time of 0.065 s. These results demonstrate the model's capability to outperform existing approaches while maintaining diagnostic integrity, scalability, and speed, making it suitable for real-time and resource-constrained clinical environments.

Traditional diagnostic methods for Alzheimer's disease often suffer from low accuracy and lengthy processing times, delaying crucial interventions and patient care. Deep convolutional neural networks trained on MRI data can enhance diagnostic precision. This study aims to utilize deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on MRI data for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and classification. In this study, the Alzheimer MRI Preprocessed Dataset was used, which includes 6735 brain structural MRI scan images. After data preprocessing and normalization, four models Xception, VGG19, VGG16 and InceptionResNetV2 were utilized. Generalization and hyperparameter tuning were applied to improve training. Early stopping and dynamic learning rate were used to prevent overfitting. Model performance was evaluated based on accuracy, F-score, recall, and precision. The InceptionResnetV2 model showed superior performance in predicting Alzheimer's patients with an accuracy, F-score, recall, and precision of 0.99. Then, the Xception model excelled in precision, recall, and F-score, with values of 0.97 and an accuracy of 96.89. Notably, InceptionResnetV2 and VGG19 demonstrated faster learning, reaching convergence sooner and requiring fewer training iterations than other models. The InceptionResNetV2 model achieved the highest performance, with precision, recall, and F-score of 100% for both mild and moderate dementia classes. The Xception model also performed well, attaining 100% for the moderate dementia class and 99-100% for the mild dementia class. Additionally, the VGG16 and VGG19 models showed strong results, with VGG16 reaching 100% precision, recall, and F-score for the moderate dementia class. Deep convolutional neural networks enhance Alzheimer's diagnosis, surpassing traditional methods with improved precision and efficiency. Models like InceptionResnetV2 show outstanding performance, potentially speeding up patient interventions.

Accurate MRI image segmentation is crucial for disease diagnosis, but current Transformer-based methods face two key challenges: limited capability to capture detailed information, leading to blurred boundaries and false localization, and the lack of MRI-specific embedding paradigms for attention modules, which limits their potential and representation capability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-scheme cross-level attention embedded U-shape Transformer (MSCL-SwinUNet). This model integrates cross-level spatial-wise attention (SW-Attention) to transfer detailed information from encoder to decoder, cross-stage channel-wise attention (CW-Attention) to filter out redundant features and enhance task-related channels, and multi-stage scale-wise attention (ScaleW-Attention) to adaptively process multi-scale features. Extensive experiments on the ACDC, MM-WHS and Synapse datasets demonstrate that the proposed MSCL-SwinUNet surpasses state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and generalizability. Visualization further confirms the superiority of our model in preserving detailed boundaries. This work not only advances Transformer-based segmentation in medical imaging but also provides new insights into designing MRI-specific attention embedding paradigms.Our code is available at https://github.com/waylans/MSCL-SwinUNet .

Early diagnosis of Neurological Disorders (ND) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Brain Tumors (BT) can be highly challenging since these diseases cause minor changes in the brain's anatomy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a vital tool for diagnosing and visualizing these ND; however, standard techniques contingent upon human analysis can be inaccurate, require a long-time, and detect early-stage symptoms necessary for effective treatment. Spatial Feature Extraction (FE) has been improved by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and hybrid models, both of which are changes in Deep Learning (DL). However, these analysis methods frequently fail to accept temporal dynamics, which is significant for a complete test. The present investigation introduces the STGCN-ViT, a hybrid model that integrates CNN + Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCN) + Vision Transformer (ViT) components to address these gaps. The model causes the reference to EfficientNet-B0 for FE in space, STGCN for FE in time, and ViT for FE using AM. By applying the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) and Harvard Medical School (HMS) benchmark datasets, the recommended approach proved effective in the investigations, with Group A attaining an accuracy of 93.56%, a precision of 94.41% and an Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) score of 94.63%. Compared with standard and transformer-based models, the model attains better results for Group B, with an accuracy of 94.52%, precision of 95.03%, and AUC-ROC score of 95.24%. Those results support the model's use in real-time medical applications by providing proof of the probability of accurate but early-stage ND diagnosis.

Orthodontically-induced external root resorption (OIERR) is among the most common risks in orthodontic treatment. Traditional OIERR diagnosis is limited by subjective judgement as well as cumbersome manual measurement. The research aims to develop an intelligent detection model for OIERR based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, thus providing auxiliary diagnosis support for orthodontists. Six pretrained CNN architectures were adopted and 1717 CBCT slices were used for training to construct OIERR detection models. The performance of the models was tested on 429 CBCT slices and the activated regions during decision-making were visualized through heatmaps. The model performance was then compared with that of two orthodontists. The EfficientNet-B1 model, trained through hold-out cross-validation, proved to be the most effective for detecting OIERR. Its accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity as well as F1-score were 0.97, 0.98, 0.97, 0.98 and 0.98, respectively. The metrics remarkably outperformed those of orthodontists, whose accuracy, recall and F1-score were 0.86, 0.78, and 0.87 respectively (P < 0.01). The heatmaps suggested that the OIERR detection model primarily relied on root features for decision-making. Automatic detection of OIERR through CNNs as well as CBCT images is both accurate and efficient. The method outperforms orthodontists and is anticipated to serve as a clinical tool for the rapid screening and diagnosis of OIERR.

We propose a compositional graph-based Machine Learning (ML) framework for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection that constructs complex ML predictors from modular components. In our directed computational graph, datasets are represented as nodes [Formula: see text], and deep learning (DL) models are represented as directed edges [Formula: see text], allowing us to model complex image-processing pipelines [Formula: see text] as end-to-end DL predictors. Each directed path in the graph functions as a DL predictor, supporting both forward propagation for transforming data representations, as well as backpropagation for model finetuning, saliency map computation, and input data optimization. We demonstrate our model on Alzheimer's disease prediction, a complex problem that requires integrating multimodal data containing scans of different modalities and contrasts, genetic data and cognitive tests. We built a graph of 11 nodes (data) and 14 edges (ML models), where each model has been trained on handling a specific task (e.g. skull-stripping MRI scans, AD detection,image2image translation, ...). By using a modular and adaptive approach, our framework effectively integrates diverse data types, handles distribution shifts, and scales to arbitrary complexity, offering a practical tool that remains accurate even when modalities are missing for advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and potentially other complex medical prediction tasks.

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has enhanced diagnostic accuracy; however, patient engagement and satisfaction remain significant challenges that hinder the widespread acceptance and effectiveness of AI-driven clinical tools. This study introduces CareAssist-GPT, a novel AI-assisted diagnostic model designed to improve both diagnostic accuracy and the patient experience through real-time, understandable, and empathetic communication. CareAssist-GPT combines high-resolution X-ray images, real-time physiological vital signs, and clinical notes within a unified predictive framework using deep learning. Feature extraction is performed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), gated recurrent units (GRUs), and transformer-based NLP modules. Model performance was evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and response time, alongside patient satisfaction through a structured user feedback survey. CareAssist-GPT achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95.8%, improving by 2.4% over conventional models. It reported high precision (94.3%), recall (93.8%), and specificity (92.7%), with an AUC-ROC of 0.97. The system responded within 500 ms-23.1% faster than existing tools-and achieved a patient satisfaction score of 9.3 out of 10, demonstrating its real-time usability and communicative effectiveness. CareAssist-GPT significantly enhances the diagnostic process by improving accuracy and fostering patient trust through transparent, real-time explanations. These findings position it as a promising patient-centered AI solution capable of transforming healthcare delivery by bridging the gap between advanced diagnostics and human-centered communication.

Medical image encryption is important for maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive medical data and protecting patient privacy. Contemporary healthcare systems store significant patient data in text and graphic form. This research proposes a New 5D hyperchaotic system combined with a customised U-Net architecture. Chaotic maps have become an increasingly popular method for encryption because of their remarkable characteristics, including statistical randomness and sensitivity to initial conditions. The significant region is segmented from the medical images using the U-Net network, and its statistics are utilised as initial conditions to generate the new random sequence. Initially, zig-zag scrambling confuses the pixel position of a medical image and applies further permutation with a new 5D hyperchaotic sequence. Two stages of diffusion are used, such as dynamic DNA flip and dynamic DNA XOR, to enhance the encryption algorithm's security against various attacks. The randomness of the New 5D hyperchaotic system is verified using the NIST SP800-22 statistical test, calculating the Lyapunov exponent and plotting the attractor diagram of the chaotic sequence. The algorithm validates with statistical measures such as PSNR, MSE, NPCR, UACI, entropy, and Chi-square values. Evaluation is performed for test images yields average horizontal, vertical, and diagonal correlation coefficients of -0.0018, -0.0002, and 0.0007, respectively, Shannon entropy of 7.9971, Kolmogorov Entropy value of 2.9469, NPCR of 99.61%, UACI of 33.49%, Chi-square "PASS" at both the 5% (293.2478) and 1% (310.4574) significance levels, key space is 2⁵⁰⁰ and an average encryption time of approximately 2.93 s per 256 × 256 image on a standard desktop CPU. The performance comparisons use various encryption methods and demonstrate that the proposed method ensures secure reliability against various challenges.

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen significant growth in medical image classification applications due to their ability to automate feature extraction, leverage hierarchical learning, and deliver high classification accuracy. However, Deep CNNs require substantial computational power and memory, particularly for large datasets and complex architectures. Additionally, optimising the hyperparameters of deep CNNs, although critical for enhancing model performance, is challenging due to the high computational costs involved, making it difficult without access to high-performance computing resources. To address these limitations, this study presents a fast and efficient model that aims to achieve superior classification performance compared to popular Deep CNNs by developing lightweight CNNs combined with the Nonlinear Lévy chaotic moth flame optimiser (NLCMFO) for automatic hyperparameter optimisation. NLCMFO integrates the Lévy flight, chaotic parameters, and nonlinear control mechanisms to enhance the exploration capabilities of the Moth Flame Optimiser during the search phase while also leveraging the Lévy flight theorem to improve the exploitation phase. To assess the efficiency of the proposed model, empirical analyses were performed using a dataset of 2314 brain tumour detection images (1245 images of brain tumours and 1069 normal brain images). The evaluation results indicate that the CNN_NLCMFO outperformed a non-optimised CNN by 5% (92.40% accuracy) and surpassed established models such as DarkNet19 (96.41%), EfficientNetB0 (96.32%), Xception (96.41%), ResNet101 (92.15%), and InceptionResNetV2 (95.63%) by margins ranging from 1 to 5.25%. The findings demonstrate that the lightweight CNN combined with NLCMFO provides a computationally efficient yet highly accurate solution for medical image classification, addressing the challenges associated with traditional deep CNNs.

Accurate Lung cancer (LC) identification is a big medical problem in the AI-based healthcare systems. Various deep learning-based methods have been proposed for Lung cancer diagnosis. In this study, we proposed a Deep learning techniques-based integrated model (CNN-GRU) for Lung cancer detection. In the proposed model development Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and gated recurrent units (GRU) models are integrated to design an intelligent model for lung cancer detection. The CNN model extracts spatial features from lung CT images through convolutional and pooling layers. The extracted features from data are embedded in the GRUs model for the final prediction of LC. The model (CNN-GRU) was validated using LC data using the holdout validation technique. Data augmentation techniques such as rotation, and brightness were used to enlarge the data set size for effective training of the model. The optimization techniques Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD) and Adaptive Moment Estimation(ADAM) were applied during model training for model training parameters optimization. Additionally, evaluation metrics were used to test the model performance. The experimental results of the model presented that the model achieved 99.77% accuracy as compared to previous models. The (CNN-GRU) model is recommended for accurate LC detection in AI-based healthcare systems due to its improved diagnosis accuracy.