Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in China, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and ongoing monitoring for effective management. In recent years, hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI technology has gained significant clinical attention due to its ability to non-invasively and visually assess lung ventilation, microstructure, and gas exchange function. Its recent clinical approval in China, the United States and several European countries, represents a significant advancement in pulmonary imaging. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI technology for COPD assessment in China. It covers the progress in instrument development, advanced imaging techniques, artificial intelligence-driven reconstruction methods, molecular imaging, and the application of this technology in both COPD patients and animal models. Furthermore, the review explores potential technical innovations in 129Xe MRI and discusses future directions for its clinical applications, aiming to address existing challenges and expand the technology's impact in clinical practice.