Toward AI-Powered Neurovascular Intervention: From Imaging to XR-Robotic Convergence.
Authors
Affiliations (5)
Affiliations (5)
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce (A.K.).
- Artificial Intelligence Center, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand (A.K.).
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.S.), Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
- Faculty of Engineering, Center for Biomedical and Robotics Technology (BART LAB) (J.S., D. Siravaman), Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Radiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (D. Songsaeng).
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, where rapid diagnosis and timely intervention are critical for improving outcomes. Neurovascular imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, remain central for detecting stenosis, aneurysms, occlusions, and arteriovenous malformations. This review synthesizes recent advances in artificial intelligence-augmented stroke care, spanning the continuum from diagnosis to intervention. We first examine artificial intelligence applications in diagnosis, including classification, object detection, and segmentation models that automate lesion localization and subtype identification across multimodal imaging. Advanced architectures, such as convolutional neural networks, transformers, and large language models, are assessed for their potential in multimodal stroke analysis. Beyond diagnosis, we discuss emerging artificial intelligence-driven planning frameworks, extended reality simulators for training and intraoperative guidance, and robotic platforms that enable precise catheter navigation, force sensing, and telerobotic operation. While most systems remain at preclinical or feasibility stages, their integration illustrates a roadmap toward intelligent, multimodal platforms for stroke care. We also highlight key translational and ethical challenges, including regulatory and policy considerations, which must be addressed for safe adoption. Together, these developments point toward a future of precision-driven and globally accessible neurovascular intervention.