Pulmonary Biomechanics in COPD: Imaging Techniques and Clinical Applications.
Authors
Affiliations (4)
Affiliations (4)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL., 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294-4440.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL., 1900 University Blvd., Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL 35294.
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA., 5613 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242.
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA., 4639 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242.
Abstract
The respiratory system depends on complex biomechanical processes to enable gas exchange. The mechanical properties of the lung parenchyma, airways, vasculature, and surrounding structures play an essential role in overall ventilation efficacy. These complex biomechanical processes however are significantly altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to emphysematous destruction of lung parenchyma, chronic airway inflammation, and small airway obstruction. Recent advancements computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques, combined with sophisticated image post-processing algorithms and deep neural network integration, have enabled comprehensive quantitative assessment of lung structure, tissue deformation, and lung function at the tissue level. These methods have led to better phenotyping, therapeutic strategies and refined our understanding of pathological processes that compromise pulmonary function in COPD. In this review, we discuss recent developments in imaging and image processing methods for studying pulmonary biomechanics with specific focus on clinical applications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including the assessment of regional ventilation, planning of endobronchial valve treatment, prediction of disease onset and progression, sizing of lungs for transplantation, and guiding mechanical ventilation. These advanced image-based biomechanical measurements when combined with clinical expertise play a critical role in disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions for patients with COPD.