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Fully automated system predicts osteoporotic vertebral fracture across institutions using lumbar MRI paraspinal muscle signatures.

June 4, 2026pubmed logopapers

Authors

Zhang W,Qin Y,Hao Y,Liang W,Lu J,Zhu W,Yuan X,Zhou H,Zhao Y,Xie Q,Liu Y,Hu D,Liang Z,Feng B,Long W

Affiliations (11)

  • Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Computation and Application, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Spinal Surgery, Baishi Orthopedic Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Spinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Surgery of Joint and Extremities Osteopathy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Spinal Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
  • Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Information Processing, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
  • Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
  • Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.
  • Laboratory of Intelligent Detection and Information Processing, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China. [email protected].
  • Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Computation and Application, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China. [email protected].

Abstract

Paraspinal muscle (PM) degeneration is a crucial yet frequently overlooked risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF). We developed PM Segmentation and Classification of OVF (PMSAC-OVF), a fully automated, multi-institutional system that segments lumbar PMs on MRI, extracts federated learning (FL) and radiomics features, and integrates them with clinical variables for OVF prediction. Leveraging a vision foundation model framework, the system enables privacy-preserving, cross-institutional training and lightweight local deployment. Data from 2,884 patients across five institutions (2014-2024) were analyzed. The automated segmentation module demonstrated expert-level accuracy (Dice coefficient: 0.952, Intersection over Union: 0.909) while reducing processing time to seconds. For prediction, FL and radiomics models yielded pooled AUCs of 0.827 (range: 0.819-0.861) and 0.803 (0.793-0.892), respectively. Trimodal models integrating radiomics signatures (RS), FL signatures (FLS), and clinical variables achieved a pooled AUC of 0.840 (0.822-0.916), significantly outperforming clinical-only models (AUC: 0.742, 0.641-0.778). SHapley Additive exPlanations identified RS, FLS, and bone mineral density as the top predictors, highlighting the complementary value of image-derived features. PMSAC-OVF provides a robust, interpretable, and scalable solution for OVF prediction in heterogeneous clinical settings, potentially facilitating early identification and personalized intervention for high-risk individuals.

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Journal Article

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