From pixels to prognosis: A QUADAS-2-Guided systematic review and meta-analysis of deep learning segmentation for DLBCL in PET and PET/CT.
Authors
Affiliations (5)
Affiliations (5)
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected].
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: [email protected].
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Cancer Research Center, RAZAVI Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance and methodological quality of deep learning models for automated segmentation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) on PET/CT imaging. A comprehensive literature search identified 15 eligible studies that were published up to July 2025. Of these, 11 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, while 4 were assessed qualitatively. Using a random-effects model, the pooled mean DSC was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.791-0.827), indicating strong overall segmentation performance. The reported DSC values across the individual studies ranged from 0.65 to 0.886. Single-center studies generally showed slightly higher median DSC values (≈0.82) than multi-center studies (≈0.78), although pooled subgroup analyses revealed comparable averages (0.77 vs. 0.73). Methodological quality, assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, showed that most studies (approximately 67-73%) were at low risk of bias, with the remainder classified as moderate or unclear. Despite the variability in algorithms, study designs, and datasets, DL-based methods have consistently achieved reliable segmentation accuracy. Overall, DL models demonstrated promising potential for automated DLBCL segmentation in PET/CT imaging. Nevertheless, future studies should focus on larger and more diverse cohorts, improved reporting standards, and transparent handling of methodological limitations to enhance generalizability and clinical applicability.