Back to all papers

Beyond morphology: functional imaging of the liver with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

June 22, 2026pubmed logopapers

Authors

Salles-Silva E,Gomes Nunes SL,Souza Rodrigues R,de Araújo ALE,Mello Perez R,D'Ippolito G,Lorenzoni Almeida Ghezzi C,Mendes Luz JH,Brandão Amorim V,Braz Parente D

Affiliations (12)

  • Radiology Department, Fleury S.A. (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Hepatology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Hepatology Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Interventional Radiology Department, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Radiology Department, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected].
  • Radiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected].

Abstract

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are highly prevalent. Early diagnosis and staging of hepatic dysfunction are essential for optimal treatment decisions. While conventional imaging primarily evaluates morphology and focal liver lesions, gadoxetic acid (GA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides additional functional information by assessing hepatocellular uptake and biliary excretion. Hepatocyte uptake depends largely on sinusoidal membrane transporters (OATP1B1/1B3), while excretion into bile canaliculi is mediated by MRP2. In liver dysfunction and cirrhosis, both processes may be impaired, resulting in measurable changes on hepatobiliary phase (HBP). This review summarizes the biological rationale, MRI protocol, and quantitative indices, including RLE, REI, HUI, rHUI, SIR, CUI, LSI, as well as the qualitative Functional Liver Imaging Score (FLIS). It also highlights key clinical applications, including prognostication in advanced CLD, preoperative risk stratification for post-hepatectomy liver failure, evaluation in the setting of embolization and locoregional therapies, and transplant assessment, along with emerging roles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Finally, future directions are discussed, including T1 mapping and AI-based whole-liver quantification.

Topics

Journal ArticleReview

Ready to Sharpen Your Edge?

Subscribe to join 11k+ peers who rely on RadAI Slice. Get the essential weekly briefing that empowers you to navigate the future of radiology.

We respect your privacy. Unsubscribe at any time.