A Clinical Guideline-Grounded Hybrid Agentic Framework for Holistic Epilepsy Management.

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder requiring multi-faceted management, including seizure detection, syndrome diagnosis, prognostication, antiseizure medication recommendation, epileptogenic zone localization, and surgical outcome prediction. Although numerous deep learning approaches have been developed for individual tasks, these models are typically siloed and modality-specific (e.g., EEG for seizure detection, MRI for localization), failing to reflect the multidisciplinary nature of real-world epilepsy care, where epileptologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists and neuropsychiatrists jointly interpret heterogeneous evidence to guide decisions. In this work, we propose a clinical guideline-grounded hybrid multi-agent framework for holistic epilepsy management. Heterogeneous patient data is processed through modality-specific discriminative and generative models, where textual interpretations from generative agents are combined with structured predictions from discriminative models as auxiliary guidance. This aggregated evidence is passed to a central orchestrating agent grounded in international epilepsy guidelines, which evaluates multi-modal findings within structured clinical pathways and performs iterative cross-agent coordination for evidence-informed decision-making. We evaluate our framework across two datasets spanning six epilepsy management tasks and also introduce a publicly available multi-modal, multi-task epilepsy benchmark. Results demonstrate that integrating discriminative evidence with guideline-grounded generative coordination yields more reliable and comprehensive decisions compared to conventional LLM-based and task-specific baselines. Our dataset and code is available at URL.

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