An AI method to predict pregnancy loss by extracting biological indicators from embryo ultrasound recordings in early pregnancy.
Authors
Affiliations (13)
Affiliations (13)
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha, 410205, China.
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
- CAS Blue Bay Cloud Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 518001, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha City, China.
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Center (CEDTC) and Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, 100044, China.
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China. [email protected].
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. [email protected].
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Holding Co., Ltd. Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical General Factory/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Chemical Raw Materials and Pharmaceutical Formulations, Guangzhou, 510515, China. [email protected].
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China. [email protected].
Abstract
B-ultrasound results are widely used in early pregnancy loss (EPL) prediction, but there are inevitable intra-observer and inter-observer errors in B-ultrasound results especially in early pregnancy, which lead to inconsistent assessment of embryonic status, and thus affect the judgment of EPL. To address this, we need a rapid and accurate model to predict pregnancy loss in the first trimester. This study aimed to construct an artificial intelligence model to automatically extract biometric parameters from ultrasound videos of early embryos and predict pregnancy loss. This can effectively eliminate the measurement error of B-ultrasound results, accurately predict EPL, and provide decision support for doctors with relatively little clinical experience. A total of 630 ultrasound videos from women with early singleton pregnancies of gestational age between 6 and 10 weeks were used for training. A two-stage artificial intelligence model was established. First, some biometric parameters such as gestational sac areas (GSA), yolk sac diameter (YSD), crown rump length (CRL) and fetal heart rate (FHR), were extract from ultrasound videos by a deep neural network named A3F-net, which is a modified neural network based on U-Net designed by ourselves. Then an ensemble learning model predicted pregnancy loss risk based on these features. Dice, IOU and Precision were used to evaluate the measurement results, and sensitivity, AUC etc. were used to evaluate the predict results. The fetal heart rate was compared with those measured by doctors, and the accuracy of results was compared with other AI models. In the biometric features measurement stage, the precision of GSA, YSD and CRL of A3F-net were 98.64%, 96.94% and 92.83%, it was the highest compared to other 2 models. Bland-Altman analysis did not show systematic deviations between doctors and AI. The mean and standard deviation of the mean relative error between doctors and the AI model was 0.060 ± 0.057. In the EPL prediction stage, the ensemble learning models demonstrated excellent performance, with CatBoost being the best-performing model, achieving a precision of 98.0% and an AUC of 0.969 (95% CI: 0.962-0.975). In this study, a hybrid AI model to predict EPL was established. First, a deep neural network automatically measured the biometric parameters from ultrasound video to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the measurements, then a machine learning model predicted EPL risk to support doctors making decisions. The use of our established AI model in EPL prediction has the potential to assist physicians in making more accurate and timely clinical decision in clinical application.