Advances in renal cancer: diagnosis, treatment, and emerging technologies.
Authors
Affiliations (15)
Affiliations (15)
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. [email protected].
- Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Department of Artifcial Intelligence, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
- Radiation Oncology Division, Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7, Fukushima, Fukushima-Ku, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji,Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of current practices and recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer. It introduces updates in histological classification and explains the imaging characteristics of each tumour based on these changes. The review highlights state-of-the-art imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and ultrasound, emphasising their crucial role in tumour characterisation and optimising treatment planning. Emerging technologies, such as radiomics and artificial intelligence, are also discussed for their transformative impact on enhancing diagnostic precision, prognostic prediction, and personalised patient management. Furthermore, the review explores current treatment options, including minimally invasive techniques such as cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, and stereotactic body radiation therapy, as well as systemic therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies.