Preoperative Assessment of Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer Using Deep Learning: Investigating the Utility of Various MRI Sequences.
Authors
Affiliations (6)
Affiliations (6)
- Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model based on three-dimensional multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in rectal cancer (RC) and to investigate the contribution of different MRI sequences. A total of 613 eligible patients with RC from four medical centres who underwent preoperative mpMRI were retrospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to training (n = 372), validation (n = 106), internal test (n = 88) and external test (n = 47) cohorts. A multi-parametric multi-scale EfficientNet (MMENet) was designed to effectively extract LNM-related features from mpMR for preoperative LNM assessment. Its performance was compared with other DL models and radiologists using metrics of area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity and average precision with 95% confidence interval (CI). To investigate the utility of various MRI sequences, the performances of the mono-parametric model and the MMENet with different sequences combinations as input were compared. The MMENet using a combination of T2WI, DWI and DCE sequence achieved an AUC of 0.808 (95% CI 0.720-0.897) with an ACC of 71.6% (95% CI 62.3-81.0) in the internal test cohort and an AUC of 0.782 (95% CI 0.636-0.925) with an ACC of 76.6% (95% CI 64.6-88.6) in the external test cohort, outperforming the mono-parametric model, the MMENet with other sequences combinations and the radiologists. The MMENet, leveraging a combination of T2WI, DWI and DCE sequences, can accurately assess LNM in RC preoperatively and holds great promise for automated evaluation of LNM in clinical practice.