The 4D Human Embryonic Brain Atlas: Spatiotemporal atlas generation for rapid anatomical changes.
Authors
Affiliations (6)
Affiliations (6)
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: [email protected].
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Early brain development is crucial for lifelong neurodevelopmental health. However, current clinical practice offers limited knowledge of normal embryonic brain anatomy on ultrasound, despite the brain undergoing rapid changes within the time-span of days. To provide detailed insights into normal brain development and identify deviations, we created the 4D Human Embryonic Brain Atlas using a deep learning-based approach for groupwise registration and spatiotemporal atlas generation. Our method introduced a time-dependent initial atlas and penalized deviations from it, ensuring age-specific anatomy was maintained throughout rapid development. The atlas was generated and validated using 831 3D ultrasound images from 402 subjects in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, acquired between gestational weeks 8 and 12. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach with an ablation study, which demonstrated that incorporating a time-dependent initial atlas and penalization produced anatomically accurate results. In contrast, omitting these adaptations led to an anatomically incorrect atlas. Visual comparisons with an existing ex-vivo embryo atlas further confirmed the anatomical accuracy of our atlas. In conclusion, the proposed method successfully captures the rapid anatomical development of the embryonic brain. The resulting 4D Human Embryonic Brain Atlas provides a unique insights into this crucial early life period and holds the potential for improving the detection, prevention, and treatment of prenatal neurodevelopmental disorders.